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In lecture seven, we witness Aristotle’s enduring impact on Western thought, tracing how his works were lost to Europe for centuries before their dramatic rediscovery through Arabic translations in medieval Spain and Byzantium—transforming universities and intellectual life. We explore the tensions between Aristotelian philosophy and Abrahamic monotheism, particularly over the eternity of the universe and the soul’s immortality, and how thinkers like Thomas Aquinas sought reconciliation. The lecture concludes by noting Aristotle’s decline during the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment, followed by his significant revival in contemporary ethics and metaphysics.
